Each spring, Swifts, Swallows, House Martins and Sand Martins make one of nature’s most epic journeys, flying all the way from Africa to our shores to breed. At first glance, these avian athletes can look very similar, but there are some key differences between them. Have a read of our handy ID guide and soon you’ll know your Swifts from your Swallows.
Sand Martins feed over farmland and wetlands, especially along rivers, around lakes and at man-made gravel pits. They tend to avoid built-up areas, woods and mountains.
Sand Martins tend to swirl and flap, rather than glide. They fly mainly over water and open countryside, and will also perch on overhead wires and branches, often in groups.
Sand Martins have a harsh rattling call.
Unlike Swallows and House Martins, which build mud nests, and Swifts which nest in roofs, Sand Martins dig burrows. They usually make their nest holes in steep sandy cliffs, riverbanks, or gravel pits, but some House Martins have been known to try holes in brickwork and pipes poking out of walls. House Martins are sociable birds and breed in colonies.
Sand Martins line the nesting area at the end of their burrow with grass and feathers.
