How to identify

Nightingales are slightly larger than Robins, with a robust, broad-tailed, rather plain brown appearance. They are secretive birds and extremely local in their distribution in the UK, while in much of southern Europe they are common and more easily seen. They are known for their melodic song, with a fast succession of high, low and rich notes that few other species can match.

Call

Nightingale

Mathias Ritschard / xeno-canto

Key features to look out for

  • Plain warm brown above, paler below 
  • Slightly larger than Robins  
  • A robust, broad tail 

Conservation status

Nightingales are on the Red List of Birds of Conservation Concern. There are only around 6,700 breeding males left in the UK, which is why finding one feels so special.

Where and when to see them

Difficulty rating - A challenge

Nightingales can be tricky to spot, but your best chance of experiencing their song is in the woodland and scrub of southern and eastern England, mainly south of the Severn-Wash line.

Key

  1. Resident
  2. Passage
  3. Summer
  4. Winter
* This map is intended as a guide. It shows general distribution rather than detailed, localised populations.
UK distribution map for Nightingale
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec

Where best to see them

Nightingale, adult perched in scrubby vegetation
Nightingale
Wing Tips

Brilliant birds, month by month: what to see and where to go.

Your Nightingale questions answered

How can I identify a Nightingale?

Nightingales are larger than Robins. They have plain, brown plumage, with grey-brown underparts and pale throats. Listen out for their melodic song that can be heard at night as well as during the day.

What does a Nightingale eat?

Diet mostly consists of insects, including beetles, ants and flies. In autumn, eats some plant material such as berries.

Where do Nightingales nest?

Typically they nest in dense hedges and scrub. Nests are on, or close to, the ground.

When do Nightingales nest?

May – June. They have one to two broods per nesting season.

How long do Nightingales live?

Nightingales have an average life expectancy of two years. The oldest ringed bird lived to eight years.

Do Nightingales migrate?

Yes, they are summer migrants to the UK and spend the winter in Africa.

Are Nightingales rare in the UK?

Yes, Nightingales are in decline and are now mainly found in southern and eastern England.

When do Nightingales arrive in the UK?

April.

When do Nightingales leave the UK?

Between July and September. 

Key facts