How to identify

The Whooper Swan is a large white swan, bigger than a Bewick's Swan. It has a long neck, which it usually holds erect, and black legs. Its black bill has a large triangular patch of yellow on it. It is mainly a winter visitor to the UK from Iceland, although a small number of pairs nest in the north. The estuaries and wetland it visits on migration and for winter roosts need protection. Its winter population and small breeding numbers make it an Amber List species. It is also a Schedule 1 listed bird, meaning it is illegal to disturb them.

Call

Whooper Swan

Matthias Feuersenger / xeno-canto

Key features to look out for

  • Hold their necks straight – Mute Swans tend to arch their necks 
  • More pointed bill than a Mute Swan 
  • Yellow on bill that is wedge shaped 

Conservation status

Whooper Swans are on the Amber List on the UK's Birds of Conservation Concern. Although there is some evidence that the numbers wintering in the UK are going up due to an increase in the Icelandic population, they face ongoing threats from avian flu and habitat loss.   

Where and when to see them

Whooper Swans can be seen in winter in much of Scotland and there are also some large populations further south in England. RSPB sites include Loch Leven in Scotland, Ouse Washes in Cambridgeshire, and Lough Foyle and Portmore Lough in Northern Ireland. Wintering Whooper Swans can also be seen at WWT Welney in Norfolk and WWT Martin Mere  in Lancashire. 

Difficulty rating - Moderate

As Whooper Swans gather in fairly large numbers, they aren’t difficult to see as long as you go to the right places at the right time! Head to a site known to have Whooper Swans and ask fellow birdwatchers or reserve staff for where to find them. 

Whooper Swan
‘Cambridgeshire’s biggest wildlife spectacle’

Up to 6,500 Whooper Swans have been counted on Cambridgeshire’s RSPB Ouse Washes nature reserve creating a white feathered winter wonderland that can be seen at dawn.

Key

  1. Resident
  2. Passage
  3. Summer
  4. Winter
* This map is intended as a guide. It shows general distribution rather than detailed, localised populations.
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec

Where best to see them

Behaviour

Whoopers Swans gather in wetlands, mainly in Ireland, Scotland, northern England and East Anglia, where they roost on open water. During the day, they graze in fields often eating leftover crops such as potatoes and grain, and in lakes and other water bodies feeding on aquatic plants.  

These big birds are real high-flyers, able to soar at up to 8,000 metres (26,250 feet) – that’s almost six times the height of Ben Nevis.  

Call/song

Whooper Swans are named for their raucous, trumpeting "whoop-whoop" calls and yelps. They call in flight as well as when they are claiming territory.  

Whooper Swan, close up, Norfolk
Birds of the month

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Key facts